Languages en Côte d’Ivoire et demographie

Languages of Côte d’Ivoire

See language map.
[See also SIL publications on the languages of Côte d’Ivoire.]

Abé	[aba] 170,000 (1995 SIL). Southern Department, Agboville Subprefecture (except Krobou Canton); Tiassale Subprefecture, Abbe Canton. 70 villages. Alternate names: Abbé, Abbey, Abi.  Dialects: Tioffo, Morie, Abbey-Ve, Kos (Khos).  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo,Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Agneby More information.
Abidji	[abi] 50,500 (1993 SIL). Abidjan Department, Sikensi Subprefecture (12 villages); Dabou Subprefecture, a few villages. Alternate names: Abiji.  Dialects: Enyembe, Ogbru.  Classification:Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Agneby More information.
Abron	[abr] 132,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL). Eastern Department, Tanda and Bondoukousubprefectures. Alternate names: Bron, Brong, Doma, Gyaman.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Akan More information.
Abure	[abu] 55,100 (1993 SIL). Southern Department, Bonoua Subprefecture; Grand Bassam Subprefecture, Abidjan. Alternate names: Abonwa, Abouré, Abule, Akaplass.  Dialects: Most similar to Anyin [any]. Also close to Baoule [bci], Nzema [nzi].  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Western More information.
Adioukrou	[adj] 100,000 (1999 SIL). Southern Department, Dabou Subprefecture. 49 villages. Alternate names: Adjukru, Adyoukrou, Adyukru, Ajukru.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo,Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Agneby More information.
Aizi, Aproumu	[ahp] 6,500 (1999 SIL). Southern Department, Jacqueville Subprefecture, Ebrié Lagoon banks, Attoutou A (new quarter), Attoutou B, Tefredji, Koko, Bapo (Allaba B, Taboth) villages; Dabou Subprefecture, Allaba village. Alternate names: Ahizi, Aprou, Aproumu, Aprwe, Oprou. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Aizi More information.
Aizi, Mobumrin	[ahm] 2,000 (1999 SIL). Southern Department, Jacqueville Subprefecture, Ebrié Lagoon north bank. 2 villages (Abraco and Abraniamiambo). Alternate names: Ahizi.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Aizi More information.
Aizi, Tiagbamrin	[ahi] 9,000 (1999 SIL). Southern Department, Jacqueville Subprefecture, Ebrié Lagoon banks, Tiagba, Nigui-Assoko, Nigui-Saff, Tiémié, and Attoutou B (old quarter) villages. Alternate names:Ahizi, Lélémrin, Tiagba.  Dialects: Not intelligible with Mobumrin Aizi [ahm], even though both are Kru languages.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Aizi More information.
Alladian	[ald] 23,000 (1993 SIL). Southern Department, Jacqueville Subprefecture, plain between the coast and Ebrie Lagoon. 21 villages. Alternate names: Alladyan, Allagia, Allagian.  Classification:Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Avikam-Alladian More information.
Anyin	[any] 610,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL). Population total all countries: 860,000. South region, Abidjan and Aboisso departments; East-Central region, Abengourou and Agnibilekrou departments; North-East region, Bondoukou and Tanda departments; North-Central region, M’bahiakro Department; and Central region, Bongouanou and Daoukro departments; Between Kulango and Abron [abr] north; Nzema [sfw], Abure [abu], and Lagoon languages south; Baoulé west [bci]. Also in Ghana. Alternate names: Agni, Anyi.  Dialects: Sanvi, Indenie, Bini, Bona, Moronou, Djuablin, Ano, Abe, Barabo, Alangua. Most similar to Baoulé. Also similar to Nzema, Sehwi [sfw].  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern More information.
Anyin Morofo	[mtb] 300,000 (2002 SIL). Southern, Eastern, and Central departments, Moronou. Alternate names: Morofo.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern More information.
Attié	[ati] 381,000 (1993 SIL). Abidjan Department, Anyama and Alepe subprefectures; Adzope Department, Adzope, Affery, Agou, Akoupe, Yakasse-Attobrou subprefectures. Alternate names: Akie, Akye, Atche, Atie, Atshe.  Dialects: Naindin, Ketin, Bodin. Bodin dialect is the most prestigious and numerous.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Attie More information.
Avikam	[avi] 21,000 (1993 SIL). Southern Department, Grand Lahou coastal plain area, Avikam Canton.Alternate names: Avekom, Brignan, Brinya, Gbanda, Kwakwa, Lahu.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Avikam-Alladian More information.
Bakwé	[bjw] 10,300 (1993 SIL). Southern and West Central departments, Sassandra, Soubre, San Pedro prefectures. Dialects: Defa, Deple, Dafa, Nigagba, Nyinagbi. Most similar to Godié [god]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Bakwe More information.
Bambara	[bam] 5,500 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL).  Alternate names: Bamako, Bamana, Bamanakan. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Northeastern Manding, Bamana More information.
Baoulé	[bci] 2,130,000 (1993 SIL). Central Department, widespread in the south. Alternate names:Baule, Bawule.  Dialects: Similar to Anyin [any]. Many subgroups, but all claim to understand the standard variety.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern More information.
Beng	[nhb] 17,000 (1993 SIL). Central Department. M’bahiakro Subprefecture, northeast corner. 20 villages; Prikro Subprefecture. 2 villages. Alternate names: Ben, Gan, Ngain, Ngan, Ngen, Ngin, Nguin.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Southeastern, Nwa-Ben, Ben-Gban More information.
Bété, Daloa	[bev] 130,000 (1993 SIL). West Central Department, Daloa Subprefecture. Alternate names:Daloua Bété, Northern Bété.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Bete, Western More information.
Bété, Gagnoa	[btg] 150,000 (1989 SIL). Gagnoa Subprefecture. Alternate names: Eastern Bété, Gagnoua-Bété, Shyen.  Dialects: Nekedi, Zadie, Niabre, Kpakolo, Zebie, Guebie, Gbadi (Gbadie, Badie). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Bete, Eastern More information.
Bété, Guiberoua	[bet] 130,000 (1993 SIL). West Central Department, Daloua, Issia, Guiberoua, Soubre, Buyo, Gregbeu, and Ouaragahio subprefectures. Alternate names: Central Bété, Western Bété. Dialects: Soubré, Guiberoua. Most similar to Godié [god].  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Bete, Western More information.
Beti	[eot] 200 (1999 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 3,181 (1988 census). Southern Department, Vitre I and Vitre II villages, Grand Bassam Subprefecture. Alternate names: Eotile.  Classification:Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Western More information.
Birifor, Southern	[biv] 4,310 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL). Northeast corner. Alternate names: Birifo.  Classification:Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Birifor More information.
Cerma	[cme] 1,700 in Côte d’Ivoire (1991). Ouangolodougo area, north of Ferkessedougou. 5 villages.Alternate names: Gouin, Guin, Gwe, Gwen, Kirma.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo,Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Kirma-Tyurama More information.
Daho-Doo	[das] 4,000 (1996 SIL). Western Department, north of Tai and south of the Guéré. Doo are in 5 villages south of Guiglo. Dialects: Although the Daho and Doo are considered Wè, their speech is not understood by other Wè. The greatest lexical similarity they have to any Wè variety is 80%, and the least is 30%. Lexical similarity 92% between the Daho and Doo dialects.  Classification:Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Wee, Guere-Krahn More information.
Dan	[daf] 800,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 M. Bolli). 400,000 in Eastern Dan, 400,000 in western Dan. Population total all countries: 975,800. Man Prefecture (except Kouibly and Facoubly), Danané, Biankouma and Touba prefectures. 19 villages. Also in Guinea, Liberia. Alternate names: Da, Gio, Gio-Dan, Yacouba, Yakuba.  Dialects: Gweetaawu (Eastern Dan), Blowo (Western Dan). At least 38 subdialects. In Liberia speakers in Garplay understood Côte d’Ivoire Yacouba dialect tapes as follows: Danane, Koulinle, Kale: very well; Blosse: quite well; Bloundo: reasonably well; dialects east of Blouno: considerable difficulty (M. Bolli SIL 1971).  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Southeastern, Guro-Tura, Tura-Dan-Mano, Tura-Dan More information.
Deg	[mzw] 1,100 in Côte d’Ivoire (1991).  Alternate names: Aculo, Buro, Degha, Janela, Mmfo, Mo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western More information.
Dida, Lakota	[dic] 93,800 (1993 SIL). All Dida: 195,400 (1993 SIL). Lakota town area. Alternate names:Brabori, Dieko, Gabo, Guébie, Satro, Ziki.  Dialects: Vata.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Dida More information.
Dida, Yocoboué	[gud] 102,000 (1993 SIL). 7,100 Guitry, 94,500 Divo. Southern Department, Guitry Subprefecture, Guitry town area. Dialects: Lozoua (Guitry, Yocoboue, Yokouboué, Gakpa, Goudou, Kagoué), Divo. Lakota Dida [dic] is marginally intelligible with Yocoboué Dida. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Dida More information.
Ebrié	[ebr] 75,900 (1988 census). Abidjan Department, urban Abidjan, Dabou Subprefecture, Bingerville Subprefecture. 57 villages, including 27 in Abidjan. Alternate names: Cama, Caman, Kyama, Tchaman, Tsama, Tyama.  Dialects: Not related to surrounding languages. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Potou More information.
Ega	[ega] 2,500 (2001 B. Connell). Southern Department, Diés Canton, Borondoukou village near Gly. Alternate names: Diés, Egwa.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo,Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Ega More information.
French	[fra] 17,500 in Côte d’Ivoire (1988 census).  Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French More information.
Gagu	[ggu] 36,600 (1993). West Central Department, Oume Subprefecture. Alternate names: Gagou, Gban.  Dialects: Bokwa, N’da, Bokabo, Tuka. N’da dialect is central.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Southeastern, Nwa-Ben, Ben-Gban More information.
Glio-Oubi	[oub] 2,500 in Côte d’Ivoire (1991). Western Department, Tai Subprefecture, Tai Canton. 6 towns on each side of the border. Alternate names: Glio, Oubi, Ubi.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Grebo, Glio-Oubi More information.
Godié	[god] 26,400 (1993 SIL). Southern Department, Sassandra and Fresco subprefectures; Kotrohou Canton, Koyo. Alternate names: Godye.  Dialects: Tiglu, Glibe, Kagbo, Dagli, Nugbo, Dlogo, Jluko, Nyago, Koyo. The Koyo dialect may be more similar to Dida than to Godié. Kagbo is the most widely understood dialect.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Bete, Western More information.
Grebo, Southern	[grj]   Dialects: Seaside Grebo.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Grebo, Liberian More information.
Guro	[goa] 332,000 (1993 SIL). West Central and Central departments, Zuénoula, Vavoua, Gouitafla, Bouafle, Sinfra, Oumé subprefectures. Alternate names: Gouro, Kwéndré, Kweni, Lo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Southeastern, Guro-Tura, Guro-Yaoure More information.
Jeri Kuo	[jek] 1,500 (1990 R. Kastenholz). Ethnic population: 20,000 (1990 R. Kastenholz). Southwest; some north of Korhogo. Alternate names: Celle, Jeli Kuo.  Dialects: Related to Ligbi [lig] of Ghana and Tongon, an extinct blacksmith argot of the Djimini Senoufo.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Jogo-Jeri More information.
Jula	[dyu] 179,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (1991). North region, Ferkessédougou Department, Kong Subprefecture; widespread in major cities. Alternate names: Dioula, Diula, Djula, Dyoula, Dyula, Jula Kong, Kong Jula, Tagboussikan.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Northeastern Manding, Bamana More information.
Khisa	[kqm] 5,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Vanderaa 1991). Population total all countries: 8,000. Also in Burkina Faso. Alternate names: Khi Khipa, Komono, Kumwenu.  Dialects: Speakers say they can understand Kaansa [gna] given time. Also reportedly Senoufo. Lexical similarity: 82% with Dogosé [dos], 72% with Kpatogo dialect of Kaansa, 71% with Kaansa, 16% with Dogoso [dgs], 13% with Khe [kqg].  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Gan-Dogose More information.
Kodia	[kwp] 840 (1993 SIL). South central. Alternate names: Kwadia, Kwadya.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Kwadia More information.
Koro	[kfo] 40,000 (1999 SIL). Mankono Department, Tiéningboué Subprefecture. Alternate names:Koro Jula.  Dialects: High comprehension of Koyaga [kga].  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Southeastern Manding, Maninka-Mori More information.
Kouya	[kyf] 10,100 (1993 SIL). West Central Department, Vavoua Subprefecture, Kouya Canton. 12 villages. Alternate names: Kowya, Kuya, Sokya.  Dialects: Most similar to Gbadi Bété, Dida. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Bete, Eastern More information.
Koyaga	[kga] 60,000 (1999 SIL). Mankono Department, western 4 subprefectures. Alternate names:Koya, Koyaa, Koyaga Jula, Koyagakan, Koyaka, Koyara.  Dialects: Koyaga, Siaka, Sagaka, Nigbi. High comprehension of Koro [kfo].  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Southeastern Manding, Maninka-Mori More information.
Krahn, Western	[krw] 12,200 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL). West, Toulépleu area. Alternate names: Krahn, Northern Krahn.  Dialects: Pewa (Peewa), Biai.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo,Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Wee, Guere-Krahn More information.
Krobu	[kxb] 9,920 (1993 SIL). Southern Department, Agboville Subprefecture. 4 villages. Alternate names: Krobou.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Krobu More information.
Krumen, Plapo	[ktj] 100 (2004). Southwest corner, between Bapo and Honpo dialects of Tepo Krumen [ted].Alternate names: Plapo.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Grebo, Ivorian More information.
Krumen, Pye	[pye] 20,000 (1993 SIL). All Krumen: 48,300 (1993 SIL). Southwest, Tai, Tai, Bereby, and part of San Pedro subprefectures. Alternate names: Kroumen, Northeastern Krumen, Southeastern Krumen.  Dialects: Trepo, Wluwe-Hawlo (Haoulo), Gbowe-Hran, Wlepo, Dugbo, Yrewe (Giriwe), Yapo, Pie (Pye, Pie-Pli-Mahon-Kuse-Gblapo-Henekwe).  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Grebo, Ivorian More information.
Krumen, Tepo	[ted] 28,300 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL). All Krumen: 48,300 (1993 SIL). Population total all countries: 31,210. Southwest, Tabou and Grabo subprefectures. Also in Liberia. Alternate names: Kroumen, Kru, Krumen, Southern Krumen, Southwestern Kroumen.  Dialects: Tepo, Bapo, Wlopo (Ropo), Dapo, Honpo, Yrepo (Kapo), Glawlo.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Grebo, Ivorian More information.
Kulango, Bondoukou	[kzc] 77,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL). Population total all countries: 104,000. Eastern Department, Bondoukou Subprefecture. Also in Ghana. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Kulango More information.
Kulango, Bouna	[nku] 142,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993). Population total all countries: 157,500. Eastern Department, Nassian Subprefecture. Also in Ghana. Alternate names: Koulango, Kulange, Nkuraeng, Nkurange.  Dialects: Nabanj. Bouna dialect speakers understand Bondoukou, but not the reverse.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Kulango More information.
Ligbi	[lig] 4,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (Vanderaa 1991). Eastern Department, Bineto village; Bouna community; Slil town near Boundoukou; Ourodougou near Malinke [loi] territory. Alternate names: Banda, Jogo, Ligwi, Nigbi, Nigwi, Tuba.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Jogo-Jeri, Jogo More information.
Lobi	[lob] 156,000 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL). Eastern Department, north strip. Alternate names:Lobiri, Miwa.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Lobi More information.
Loma	[loi] 8,010 (2000). Tèèn and Kulango areas. Alternate names: Lomakka, Lomapo, Lomasse, Malinke.  Dialects: Similar to Tèèn [lor] and Kulango [kzc] but not inherently intelligible. More similar to Kulango than Tèèn is to Kulango.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Teen More information.
Mahou	[mxx] 169,000 (1993 SIL). Northwest region, Touba Department. Alternate names: Mahu, Maou, Mau, Mauka, Mauke.  Dialects: Mahouka, Koroka, Tenenga, Finanga, Baralaka (Barala). Some listed dialect speakers may not be able to use Mahou literature. Barala may be dialect of Wojenaka [jod].  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Southeastern Manding,Maninka-Mori More information.
Maninka, Forest	[myq] 15,000. Northwest region, Odienné Department, near Mali and Guinea borders. Dialects:Wasulu (Wassulunka, Wassoulounka, Wassulunke). This may be the same language as Eastern Maninkakan [emk], Wojenaka [jod], or different from both.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Southeastern Manding, Maninka-Mori More information.
Mbato	[gwa] 25,000 (1993 SIL). Southern Department, Petit Alépé Subprefecture. Alternate names:Goaa, Gwa, M’bato, Mbatto, Mgbato, N-Batto, Ogwia, Potu.  Dialects: Related to Ebrii [ebr]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Potou More information.
Mbre	[mka] 200 (2000 SIL). Ethnic population: 700. Marabadiassa area, northwest of Bouake and Diabo, Bondosso and Niantibo villages. Alternate names: Bere, Bre, Pre, Pre Pisia.  Dialects:Considerably different from surrounding Mande and nearby Kwa languages.  Classification:Niger-Congo, Unclassified More information.
Mwan	[moa] 17,000 (1993 SIL). Kongasso Subprefecture and south Mankono Subprefecture.Alternate names: Mona, Mouan, Muan, Muana, Mwa.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Southeastern, Nwa-Ben, Wan-Mwan More information.
Neyo	[ney] 9,200 (1993 SIL). Southern Department, Sassandra Subprefecture, Neyo, and Kébé cantons, from Niégba west to Dagbégo east and Niabayo north. Alternate names: Gwibwen, Towi.  Dialects: Most similar to the Kagbo dialect of Godié [god], but they consider themselves a separate ethnic group. May be more similar to Dida than to Bété.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Dida More information.
N’ko	[nqo]   Classification: Mixed language More information.
Nyabwa	[nwb] 42,700 (1993 SIL). 32,500 Nyabwa, 7,700 Nyedebwa, 2,500 Kouzié. West Central Department, northwest corner, Vavoua (Nyedebwa), Issia, Buyo, Zoukougbeu (Nyabwa), Daloua subprefectures. Alternate names: Niaboua, Nyaboa, Nyabwa-Nyédébwa.  Dialects:Nyabwa, Nyedebwa (Niédéboua). Lexical similarity: 90% between the Nyabwa and Nyedebwa dialects, 74%–80% between them and We Southern [gxx] and We Northern [wob]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Wee, Nyabwa More information.
Nzema	[nzi] 66,700 in Côte d’Ivoire (1993 SIL). Aboisso Department, Tiapoum Subprefecture, southeast coast; Abidjan. Alternate names: Appolo, Nzima.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo,Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Southern More information.
Senoufo, Cebaara	[sef] 862,000 (1993 SIL). North, around Korhogo. Alternate names: Senadi, Senari, Syenere, Tiebaara, Tyebala.  Dialects: Kafire, Kasara, Kufuru, Tagbari (Mbengui-Niellé), Patara, Pogara, Tyebara, Tagara, Tenere, Takpasyeeri (Messeni), Southwest Senari, Kandere (Tengrela), Papara, Fodara, Kulere, Nafara. Korhogo dialect is central. The Kulele speak the Kulere dialect scattered throughout the Senoufo area.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Senari More information.
Senoufo, Djimini	[dyi] 95,500 (1993 SIL). Dabakala Department, northwest corner. Alternate names: Djimini, Dyimini, Jinmini.  Dialects: Diamala (Djamala, Dyamala), Djafolo, Dofana, Foolo, Singala. Singala is the prestige dialect of Dabakala. Lexical similarity: 76%–81% with Tagwana Senoufo [tgw]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Tagwana-Djimini More information.
Senoufo, Nyarafolo	[sev] 48,000 (2003 SIL). Northeast Ferkessédougou area. Alternate names: Nyarafolo-Niafolo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Senari More information.
Senoufo, Palaka	[plr] 8,000 (1995 SIL). Central Department, Sikolo area, north of Djimini. Alternate names:Kpalagha, Palaka, Palara, Pallakha, Pilara.  Dialects: Lexical similarity: 65%–70% with other Senufo languages and dialects.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Kpalaga More information.
Senoufo, Shempire	[seb] 100,000 (1996). North of Tingréla. Alternate names: Shenpire, Syempire.  Dialects: 3 or 4 dialects. Relationship to Supyire Senoufo [spp] in Mali is undetermined.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Suppire-Mamara More information.
Senoufo, Tagwana	[tgw] 138,000 (1993 SIL). Central Department, north central area, west of Djimini. Alternate names: Tagbana, Tagouna, Tagwana.  Dialects: Gbo (Zoro), Tafire, Niediekaha, Niangbo, Niakaramadougou, Fondebougou, Djidanan, Fourgoula, Katiara, Katiola. Lexical similarity: 76%–81% with Djimini dialects.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Tagwana-Djimini More information.
Téén	[lor] 6,100 in Côte d’Ivoire (1991). Population total all countries: 8,100. Bouna Department, Téhini Subprefecture. Also in Burkina Faso. Alternate names: Loghon, Lorhon, Loron, Nabe, Tegesie, Ténhé.  Dialects: Different from Kulango. Most similar to Loma [loi], Bouna Kulango [nku]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Teen More information.
Tonjon	[tjn] Extinct. Dabakala Department, among the Djimini Senoufo [dyi]. Dialects: Related to Ligbi [lig] of Ghana and Jeri Kuo of Côte d’Ivoire [jek].  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Jogo-Jeri, Jogo More information.
Toura	[neb] 38,500 (1993 SIL). East Biankouma Department, mountainous region east of Man to Touba main road, north of Man to Seguela main road, north of Bafing River; Bafing and Sassandra rivers from north and east borders. Alternate names: Tura, Ween.  Dialects: Naò, Boo, Yiligele, Gwéò, Wáádú, Guse. Probably most similar to Dan [daf]. Also similar to Guro [goa], Gagu [ggu], Mann [mev] (in Liberia).  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Southeastern, Guro-Tura, Tura-Dan-Mano, Tura-Dan More information.
Wan	[wan] 22,000 (1993 UBS). Kounahiri and west Beoumi subprefectures. Alternate names: Nwa. Dialects: Miamu, Kemu.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Southeastern, Nwa-Ben, Wan-Mwan More information.
Wané	[hwa] 2,100 (1993 SIL). Southwest coast. Alternate names: Hwane, Ngwané.  Classification:Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Eastern, Bakwe More information.
Wè Northern	[wob] 156,000 (1993 SIL). Western Department, Kouibly and Fakobly subprefectures. Alternate names: Ouobe, Wèè, Wobé.  Dialects: Tao, Péomé, Sémien (Gbéan). Kouibly dialect intelligible to about half of Wè Southern [gxx] speakers. Lexical similarity: 90%–94% among dialects, Kouibly dialect (Tao and Gbean) has 84%–89% lexical similarity with Wè Southern dialects. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Wee, Wobe More information.
Wè Southern	[gxx] 293,000 (1999 SIL). 20,000 Niao (1995 SIL). Western Department, Guiglo, Duékoué, Bangolo, Tai and subprefectures. Alternate names: Central Guéré, Gere, Guéré, Wèè.  Dialects:Zibiao, Zagne, Zagna, Beu (Zarabaon), Zaa (Zaha), Neao (Niabo, Neabo), Gboo (Gbobo), Fleo, Nyeo. Southern Wè has 7 more consonants than Northern Wè [wob].  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Wee, Guere-Krahn More information.
Wè Western	[wec] 25,200 (1998 SIL). 20,000 Kaoro (1995 SIL). Western Department, Toulépleu Subprefecture. Alternate names: Gere, Guéré, Neyo, Wèè.  Dialects: Nidrou (Nidru), Kaoro (Kaawlu, Kaowlu).  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kru, Western, Wee, Guere-Krahn More information.
Wojenaka	[jod] 120,000 (1999 SIL). 15,000 Wasulu. Northwest region, Odienné Department. Alternate names: Malinké, Odienné Jula, Odiennekakan.  Dialects: Odienneka, Sienkoka, Nafana, Bodougouka, Toudougouka, Vandougouka, Wasulu (Wassulunka, Wassoulounka, Wassulunke, Forest Maninka). Some dialects listed may be separate languages. The ForestManinka dialect may be Folongakan, a dialect of Wojenaka. The Barala dialect of Mahou [mxx] may be a dialect of Wojenaka.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Southeastern Manding, Maninka-Mori More information.
Worodougou	[jud] 80,000 (1999 SIL). Northwest region, Séguéla Department. Alternate names: Bakokan, Ouorodougou, Worodougou Jula, Worodougoukakan, Worodugu.  Dialects: Worodougouka, Karanjan, Kanika. The Karanjan dialect may be a separate language.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Southeastern Manding, Maninka-Mori More information.
Yaouré	[yre] 24,600 (Vanderaa 1991). 13,000 in villages, 7,000 in cities (1982 SIL). Bouaflé Department, Bouafli Subprefecture, Yaoure Canton, bounded south by Red Bandama, east by White Bandama River, north by Lake Kossou, west by Bouaflé. Alternate names: Yaure, Yohowré, Youré.  Dialects: Klan, Yaan, Taan, Yoo, Bhoo. Most similar to Guro [goa].  Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Southeastern, Guro-Tura, Guro-Yaoure More information.